|
Ghost detainee is a term used in the executive branch of the United States government to designate a person held in a detention center, whose identity has been hidden by keeping them unregistered and therefore anonymous.〔(The "Taguba Report" On Treatment Of Abu Ghraib Prisoners In Iraq: ARTICLE 15-6 INVESTIGATION OF THE 800th MILITARY POLICE BRIGADE ), May 2004, ''Findlaw''〕 Such uses arose as the Bush administration initiated the war on terror following the 9/11 attacks of 2001 in the United States. As documented in the 2004 ''Taguba Report'', it was used in the same manner by United States (US) officials and contractors of the Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center (JIDC) at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq in 2003-2004.〔 According to the Swiss senator Dick Marty's memorandum on "alleged detention in Council of Europe states", the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has captured about one hundred persons on European territory and subsequently rendered them to countries where they may have been tortured. This number of one hundred extraordinarily rendered persons is in addition to the estimated hundred U.S. ghost detainees.〔("Information memorandum II on the alleged secret detentions in Council of Europe states, reported by Dick Marty" ), ''BBC'', January 22, 2006〕 ==Secret CIA prisons (aka Black Sites)== According to then-CIA chief Michael Hayden in 2007, the CIA had detained up to 100 people at secret facilities abroad (known as black sites) since the 2002 capture of the suspected Al Qaeda operative Abu Zubaydah.〔("CIA Chief Defends Detention of Suspects" ), Associated Press, ''New York Sun'', September 7, 2007〕 One example is Khalid El-Masri, a German citizen abducted by the CIA in Macedonia in January 2004. He was taken to a CIA black site in Afghanistan, known as the Salt Pit, for questioning under ‘enhanced interrogation techniques’ before he was determined to be innocent in March and eventually released in May 2004 after some additional delays. His abduction was said to be a case of mistaken identity. Germany initially claimed that it did not know of el-Masri's abduction until his return to the country in May 2004. But, on June 1, 2006, the BND (German intelligence agency) declared that it had known of El-Masri's seizure 16 months before Germany was officially informed of his arrest.〔("German Spy Agency Admits Mishandling Abduction Case" ), ''The New York Times'', June 2, 2006〕 In a 2007 report, Human Rights Watch related the claims of an alleged ghost detainee, Marwan Jabour, a Palestinian who was arrested in Lahore, Pakistan, in May 2004.〔(Human Rights Watch, ''Ghost Prisoner: Two Years in Secret CIA Detention'' ), February 2007〕 He claimed to have been held for more than a month in a secret detention facility operated by Pakistanis and Americans in Islamabad. He was flown to a CIA prison in Afghanistan, where he was held in secret, incommunicado detention for more than two years. During his ordeal, he was tortured, beaten, forced to stay awake for days, and kept naked and chained to a wall for more than a month. At least 39 detainees who were once held by the CIA in secret detention remain "disappeared," according to ''Off the Record,'' a report jointly published June 7, 2007 by six leading human rights groups, including Amnesty International, the Center for Constitutional Rights, the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, and Human Rights Watch.〔("''Off the Record'' List" )〕〔("US holding at least 39 detainees in secret prisons" ), ''Jurist,'' June 7, 2007〕 Spokesmen say that their report: "... reveals the extent to which the United States has illegally used “proxy detention” to empty its secret sites and demonstrates that far from targeting the “worst of the worst,” the system sweeps up low-level detainees and even involves the detention of the wives and children of the “disappeared,” in violation of their human rights. 'Off the Record' also documents allegations concerning the treatment of detainees while in secret detention, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ghost detainee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|